RT-PCR findings indicated that chromium supplementation upregulated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) ( p = 0.01), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) ( p = 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) ( p = 0.01), as well as downregulated gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) ( p = 0.004) in PBMCs of patients with PCOS compared with the placebo. + 0.2 ± 2.2 mg/L, p = 0.01) compared with the placebo. Results: Chromium supplementation led to a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−1.4 ± 1.5 vs. Genes related to insulin, lipid, and inflammation were expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), using RT-PCR method. Inflammatory markers were measured at baseline and end of the trial. They ( n = 20/group) were randomly assigned into intervention groups to take either 200 μg/day of chromium or placebo for 8 weeks. Methods: Forty women, aged 18–40 years, who had been selected for IVF were recruited in this randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Purpose: This study was performed to determine the effects of chromium supplementation on the gene expression of insulin, lipid, and inflammatory markers in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who were candidate for in vitro fertilization (IVF). 4Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.3School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 2Laser Application in Medical Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.1Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mehrnush Amiri Siavashani 1 Shahrzad Zadeh Modarres 2 * Naghmeh Mirhosseini 3 Esmat Aghadavod 4 Saghar Salehpour 1 Zatollah Asemi 4 *
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